바이오매니아의 Biotechnology.tistory.com의 mirror blog입니다. biotechnology.tistory.com으로 오세요.
2009년 1월 16일 금요일
Primer Design에 필요한 프로그램
DNA sequence manipulation 프로그램
위 그림의 순서만 따르면 간단하게 사용가능합니다.
2007년 6월 9일 토요일
분자생물학관련 단백질, DNA 농도 변환 프로그램
분자량을 알고 있는 단백질의 농도를 측정한 다음 그 무게와 농도를 변환해 주는 프로그램입니다.
2. Conversion: weight - moles (for nucleic acids).
DNA, RNA 등 핵산의 길이와 농도를 변환해주는 프로그램입니다.
3. Conversion: DNA - protein.
유전자의 길이와 단백질의 분자량을 추정해주는 프로그램입니다. 사실 이건 간단한 계산이죠.^^
4. Conversion: molar quantity - molar concentration.
몰 농도와 몰랄농도의 변환 프로그램입니다.
그런데 더 좋은 것은 위의 프로그램을 다운받아서 자기 컴에서 사용할 수 있다는 것입니다. 무슨 인스톨도 필요없습니다. 그냥 압출화일 받아서 풀어놓고 index.html 실행하면 끝이에요. 한 번 해보시기 바랍니다.
English version only ( Zip file, size - 1Mb).
2007년 4월 3일 화요일
단백질 등전점이나 분자량 구하는 프로그램
의외로 제 홈페이지를 찾으시는 분들의 상당수가 등전점에 대한 검색을 하시는 분들이더군요. 그 중에 등전점 구하는 방법을 찾는 분들이 꽤 계시던데 간단한 방법을 알려드리죠.
단백질의 여러가지 parameter들을 구하는 프로그램은 수없이 많이 나와있습니다. 그런 프로그램을 자기 컴에다 깔아놓고 쓰시는 분들도 많지만 저는 그냥 온라인 상에서 이용할 수 있는 프로그램을 선호합니다. 그 중에서 제가 가장 애용하는 프로그램은 ExPASy의 ProtParam입니다.
일단 위의 사이트에 접속하시면 다음과 같은 화면이 뜹니다.
2) Molecular weight:
3) Theoretical pI:
4) Amino acid composition:
5) Total number of negatively charged residues (Asp + Glu):
6) Total number of positively charged residues (Arg + Lys):
7) Atomic composition:
8) Formula (분자식)
9) Total number of atoms:
10) Extinction coefficients (Extinction coefficients are in units of M-1 cm-1, at 280 nm measured in water)
11) Estimated half-life:
12) The N-terminal of the sequence considered is M (Met).
13) Instability index
14) Aliphatic index
15) Grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY)
등이 계산되어 나옵니다. 각각의 파라미터는 나름대로의 의미가 있지만 특히 분자량, 등전점(pI), extinction coefficient (대략적인 단백질 농도 측정시 사용) 등이 가장 많이 사용하는 파라미터들입니다.
2007년 3월 19일 월요일
MASS로부터 단백질의 post-tanslational modification 예측하기
분자생물학의 발전이 DNA 염기 서열 분석법과 함께 급속도로 발전을 했다면 최근에 질량분석법(MASS spec)의 발전은 단백질체학 및 관련 분야의 발전에 큰 공헌을 하고 있습니다. 보통 단백질을 정제해서 MASS를 찍으면 우리가 계산한 단백질의 분자량과 약간 다르게 나오는 경우가 많은데 그런 경우는 유전자의 변이가 생겼거나 아니면 post-tanslational modification이 일어난 경우일 것입니다.
아래의 사이트는 실제로 얻은 분자량이 이론적인 분자량과 다를 경우 어떤 post-tanslational modification이 일어났는지를 예측할 수 있도록 만들어 놓은 reference들 입니다. 분자량의 차이를 입력하고 확인하실 수도 있고 아니면 밑의 more를 누르시면 전체 reference를 보실 수도 있습니다.
http://www.abrf.org/index.cfm/dm.home
more..
| Avg.Mass Change |
Modification |
| -79 | 5' dephospho |
| -58 | Desmosine (from Lysine) |
| -48 | decomposed carboxymethylated Methionine |
| -44 | decarboxylation of gamma carboxy Glutamate |
| -43 | gamma-glutamyl semialdehyde (from arginine) |
| -42 | Ornithine (from Arginine) |
| -34 | Lysinoalanine (from Cysteine) |
| -34 | Lanthionine (from Cysteine) |
| -34 | Dehydroalanine (from Cysteine) |
| -30 | Homoserine formed from Met by CNBr treatment |
| -27 | Oxidation of arginine (to glutamic acid) |
| -18 | Formylglycine (from cysteine) |
| -18 | Pyroglutamic Acid formed from Glutamic Acid |
| -18 | Dehydration (-H2O) |
| -18 | S-gamma-Glutamyl (crosslinked to Cysteine) |
| -18 | O-gamma-Glutamyl- (Crosslink to Serine) |
| -18 | Serine to Dehydroalanine |
| -18 | Alaninohistidine (Serine crosslinked to theta or pi carbon of Histidine) |
| -18 | Misincorporation of Norleucine for Methionine |
| -18 | Succinimide formation from aspartic acid |
| -17 | Pyroglutamic Acid formed from Gln |
| -17 | N-pyrrolidone carboxyl (N terminus) |
| -17 | N alpha -(gamma-Glutamyl)-lysine |
| -17 | N-(beta-Aspartyl)-Lysine (Crosslink) |
| -17 | Succinimide formation from asparagine |
| -17 | S-carbamoylmethylcysteine cyclization (N-terminus) |
| -16 | Pyruvoyl- (Serine) |
| -5 | Crosslink between Arg and His sidechains |
| -4 | 3,3',5,5'-TerTyr (Crosslink) |
| -2 | Formylglycine (from serine) |
| -2 | Disulphide bond formation (Cystine) |
| -2 | S-(2-Histidyl)- (Crosslinked to Cysteine) |
| -2 | S-(3-Tyr) (Crosslinked to Cysteine) |
| -2 | 3,3'-BiTyr (Crosslink) |
| -2 | IsodiTyr (Crosslink) |
| -1 | Allysine (from Lysine) |
| -1 | Amide formation (C terminus) |
| -1 | Oxidation of lysine (to aminoadipic semialdehyde) |
| 1 | Deamidation of Asparagine and Glutamine to Aspartate and Glutamate |
| 1 | Citruline (from Arginine) |
| 2 | Cysteine x2, reduction of Cystine (Cys-Cys) |
| 2 | Reduction of indole double bond of Trp |
| 4 | Oxidation of Trp to kynurenine |
| 12 | Lysine epsilon amino to imine |
| 12 | Cysteine (N-term) formaldehyde adduct (Cys to Thioproline conversion) |
| 12 | Formaldehyde adduct of Trp |
| 13 | Syndesine (from Lysine) |
| 13 | CM-Cys vs PAM-Cys |
| 14 | Methylation (N terminus, N epsilon of Lysine, O of Serine, Threonine or C terminus, N of Asparagine) |
| 14 | CAM-Cys vs PAM-Cys |
| 15 | delta-Hydroxy-allysine (from Lysine) |
| 15 | Oxidation of lysine (to aminoadipic acid) |
| 16 | Hydroxylation (of delta C of Lysine, beta C of Tryptophan, C3 or C4 of Proline, beta C of Aspartate) |
| 16 | Oxidation of Methionine (to Sulphoxide) |
| 16 | 3,4-Dihydroxy-Phenylalanine (from Tyrosine) (DOPA) |
| 16 | Oxohistidine (from histidine) |
| 16 | Sulfenic Acid (from Cysteine) |
| 16 | Oxidation of proline (to gamma-glutamyl semialdehyde) |
| 22 | Sodium |
| 28 | Ethyl |
| 28 | N,N dimethylation (of Arginine or Lysine) |
| 28 | 2,4-BisTrp-6,7-dione (from Tryptophan) |
| 28 | Formylation (CHO) |
| 30 | 6,7 Dione (from Tryptophan) |
| 32 | 3,4,6-Trihydroxy-Phenylalanine (from Tyrosine) (TOPA) |
| 32 | 3,4-Dihydroxylation (of Proline) |
| 32 | Oxidation of Methionine (to Sulphone) |
| 32 | Oxidation of proline (to glutamic acid) |
| 32 | Double oxidation of Trp |
| 34 | 3-Chlorination (of Tyrosine with 35Cl) |
| 36 | 3-Chlorination (of Tyrosine with 37Cl) |
| 38 | Potassium |
| 42 | Acetylation (N terminus, N epsilon of Lysine, O of Serine) (Ac) |
| 42 | N-Trimethylation (of Lysine) |
| 43 | Carbamylation |
| 44 | disodium |
| 45 | Nitro (NO2) |
| 46 | beta-Methylthio-aspartic acid |
| 48 | Cysteic acid, oxidation of cysteine |
| 51 | Piperidine adduct to C-terminal Cys |
| 56 | t-butyl ester(OtBu) and t-butyl (tBu) |
| 57 | Glycyl (-G-,-Gly-) |
| 57 | Carboxamidomethyl (on Cysteine) |
| 58 | Carboxymethyl (on Cysteine) |
| 60 | sodium + potassium |
| 64 | Selenocysteine (from Serine) |
| 67 | Asp transamidation with piperidine |
| 68 | 3,5-Dichlorination (of Tyrosine with 35Cl) |
| 69 | Dehydroalanine (Dha) |
| 70 | 3,5-Dichlorination (of Tyrosine with mixture of 35Cl and 37Cl)) |
| 70 | Pyruvate |
| 71 | Sarcosyl |
| 71 | Alanyl (-A-, -Ala-) |
| 71 | Acetamidomethyl (Acm) |
| 71 | Propionamide or Acrylamide adduct |
| 72 | 3,5-Dichlorination (of Tyrosine with 37Cl) |
| 74 | S-(sn-1-Glyceryl) (on Cysteine) |
| 74 | Glycerol Ester (on Glutamic acid side chain) |
| 75 | Glycine (G, Gly) |
| 76 | Phenyl ester (OPh) (on acidic) |
| 76 | Beta mercaptoethanol adduct |
| 78 | 3-Bromination (of Tyrosine with 79Br) |
| 78 | L-o-bromination of Phe with 79Br |
| 80 | L-o-bromination of Phe with 81Br |
| 80 | Sulphonation (SO3H) (of PMC group) |
| 80 | Sulphation (of O of Tyrosine) |
| 80 | Phosphorylation (O of Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine and Aspartate, N epsilon of Lysine) |
| 80 | 3-Bromination (of Tyrosine with 81Br) |
| 82 | Cyclohexyl ester (OcHex) |
| 83 | Dehydroamino butyric acid (Dhb) |
| 83 | Homoseryl lactone |
| 85 | 2-Aminobutyric acid (Abu) |
| 85 | 2-Aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) |
| 85 | Gamma Aminobutyryl |
| 86 | t-butyloxymethyl (Bum) |
| 86 | Diaminopropionyl |
| 87 | N-(4-NH2-2-OH-butyl)- (of Lysine) (Hypusine) |
| 87 | Seryl (-S-, -Ser-) |
| 88 | t-butylsulfenyl (StBu) |
| 89 | Alanine (A, Ala) |
| 89 | Sarcosine (Sar) |
| 90 | Anisyl |
| 90 | Benzyl (Bzl) and benzly ester (OBzl) |
| 93 | 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) |
| 95 | Dehydroprolyl |
| 96 | Trifluoroacetyl (TFA) |
| 97 | N-hydroxysuccinimide (ONSu, OSu) |
| 97 | Prolyl (-P-, -Pro-) |
| 98 | Cysteic acid x2, oxidation of cystine |
| 98 | Tetramethylguanidinium termination by-product on amine |
| 98 | Phosphate/sulphate adduct of proteins |
| 99 | Valyl (-V-, -Val-) |
| 99 | Isovalyl (-I-,-Iva-) |
| 100 | t-Butyloxycarbonyl (tBoc) |
| 101 | Threoyl (-T-, -Thr-) |
| 101 | Homoseryl (-Hse-) |
| 103 | Cystyl (-C-, -Cys-) |
| 104 | 4-Methylbenzyl (Meb) |
| 104 | Benzoyl (Bz) |
| 105 | Serine (S, Ser) |
| 105 | Pyridylethylation of cysteine |
| 106 | HMP (hydroxymethylphenyl) linker |
| 106 | Thioanisyl |
| 106 | Thiocresyl |
| 111 | 2-Piperidinecarboxylic acid (Pip) |
| 111 | Pyroglutamyl |
| 113 | Hydroxyprolyl (-Hyp-) |
| 113 | Isoleucyl (-I-, -Ile-) |
| 113 | Leucyl (-L-, -Leu-) |
| 113 | Norleucyl (-Nle-) |
| 114 | Asparagyl (-N-, -Asn-) |
| 114 | t-amyloxycarbonyl (Aoc) |
| 114 | Ornithyl (-Orn-) |
| 115 | Proline (P, Pro) |
| 115 | Aspartyl (-D-, -Asp-) |
| 117 | Succinyl |
| 117 | Valine (V, Val) |
| 117 | Hydroxybenzotriazole ester (HOBt) |
| 118 | Dimethylbenzyl (diMeBzl) |
| 119 | Threonine (T, Thr) |
| 119 | Cysteinylation |
| 120 | Benzyloxymethyl (Bom) |
| 120 | p-methoxybenzyl (Mob, Mbzl) |
| 121 | 4-Nitrophenyl, p-Nitrophenyl (ONp) |
| 121 | Cysteine (C, Cys) |
| 125 | Chlorobenzyl (ClBzl) |
| 126 | Iodination (of Histidine[C4] or Tyrosine[C3]) |
| 128 | Glutamyl (-Q-, -Gln-) |
| 128 | Lysyl (-K-, -Lys-) |
| 129 | Glutamyl (-E-, -Glu-) |
| 129 | O-Methyl Aspartamyl |
| 130 | N alpha -(gamma-Glutamyl)-Glu |
| 131 | Norleucine (Nle) |
| 131 | Hydroxyproline (Hyp) |
| 131 | Isoleucine (I, Ile) |
| 131 | Leucine (L, Leu) |
| 131 | Methionyl (-M-, -Met-) |
| 131 | Hydroxy Aspartamyl |
| 131 | bb-dimethyl Cystenyl |
| 132 | Asparagine (N, Asn) |
| 132 | Pentoses (Ara, Rib, Xyl) |
| 133 | Aspartic Acid (D, Asp) |
| 134 | Benzyloxycarbonyl (Z) |
| 134 | Adamantyl (Ada) |
| 135 | p-Nitrobenzyl ester (ONb) |
| 137 | Histidyl (-H-, -His-) |
| 142 | N-methyl Glutamyl |
| 142 | N-methyl Lysyl |
| 143 | O-methyl Glutamyl |
| 143 | Diphthamide (from Histidine) |
| 144 | Hydroxy Lysyl (-Hyl-) |
| 145 | Methyl Methionyl |
| 146 | Glutamine (Q, Gln) |
| 146 | Deoxyhexoses (Fuc, Rha) |
| 146 | Lysine (K, Lys) |
| 146 | Pentosyl |
| 146 | Aminoethyl Cysteinyl (AECys) |
| 147 | 4-Glycosyloxy- (pentosyl,C5) (of Proline) |
| 147 | Glutamic Acid (E, Glu) |
| 147 | Phenylalanyl- (-F-, -Phe-) |
| 147 | Methionyl Sulfoxide |
| 148 | Pyridyl Alanyl |
| 149 | 2-Nitrobenzoyl (NBz) |
| 149 | Methionine (M, Met) |
| 149 | Fluorophenylalanyl |
| 150 | Dimethoxybenzyl Trp |
| 153 | 2-Nitrophenylsulphenyl (Nps) |
| 154 | 4-Toluenesulphonyl (Tosyl, Tos) |
| 154 | 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl (Npys) |
| 155 | Histidine (H, His) |
| 156 | 3,5-Dibromination (of Tyrosine with 79Br) |
| 156 | Arginyl (-R-, -Arg-) |
| 157 | Citrulline |
| 158 | 3,5-Dibromination (of Tyrosine with mixture of 79Br and 81Br) |
| 159 | Dichlorobenzyl (Dcb) |
| 160 | 3,5-Dibromination (of Tyrosine with 81Br) |
| 160 | Carboxyamidomethyl Cystenyl |
| 161 | Hexosamines (GalN, GlcN) |
| 161 | Carboxymethyl cysteine (Cmc) |
| 161 | Carboxymethyl Cystenyl |
| 161 | Methylphenylalanyl |
| 162 | Inositol |
| 162 | N-Glucosyl (N terminus or N epsilon of Lysine) (Aminoketose) |
| 162 | O-Glycosyl- (to Serine or Threonine) |
| 162 | Linker attached to peptide in Fmoc peptide synthesis |
| 162 | Hexoses (Fru, Gal, Glc, Man) |
| 163 | Tyrosinyl (-Y-, -Tyr-) |
| 163 | MethionylSulphone |
| 165 | Phenylalanine (F, Phe) |
| 166 | 2,4 -dinitrophenyl (Dnp) |
| 166 | Pentaflourophenyl (Pfp) |
| 166 | Diphenylmethyl (Dpm) |
| 167 | Phospho Seryl |
| 169 | 2-Chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl (ClZ) |
| 169 | Napthyl acetyl |
| 170 | N-acetyl Lysyl |
| 170 | N-methyl Arginyl |
| 172 | Ethanedithiol/TFA cyclic adduct |
| 173 | Carboxy Glutamyl (Gla) |
| 174 | Arginine (R, Arg) |
| 174 | Acetamidomethyl Cystenyl |
| 174 | Acrylamidyl Cystenyl |
| 176 | N-Glucuronyl (N terminus) |
| 177 | delta-Glycosyloxy- (of Lysine) or beta-Glycosyloxy- (of Phenylalanine or Tyrosine) |
| 177 | 4-Glycosyloxy- (hexosyl,C6) (of Proline) |
| 177 | Benzyl Seryl |
| 177 | N-methyl Tyrosinyl |
| 178 | a-N-Gluconoylation (His Tagged proteins) |
| 179 | p-Nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (4Nz) |
| 179 | 2,4,5-Trichlorophenyl |
| 180 | 2,4,6-trimethyloxybenzyl (Tmob) |
| 180 | Xanthyl (Xan) |
| 181 | Tyrosine (Y, Tyr) |
| 182 | Chlorophenylalanyl |
| 182 | Mesitylene-2-sulfonyl (Mts) |
| 183 | AEBSF |
| 184 | Isopropyl Lysyl |
| 186 | Tryptophanyl (-W-, - Trp-) |
| 186 | Carboxymethyl Lysyl |
| 188 | N-Lipoyl- (on Lysine) |
| 190 | Matrix alpha cyano MH+ |
| 191 | Benzyl Threonyl |
| 193 | Benzyl Cystenyl |
| 197 | Napthyl Alanyl |
| 198 | Succinyl Aspartamyl |
| 201 | HMP (hydroxymethylphenyl)/TFA adduct |
| 203 | N-acetylhexosamines (GalNAc, GlcNAc) |
| 204 | Tryptophan (W, Trp) |
| 204 | Cystine ((Cys)2) |
| 204 | Farnesylation |
| 206 | S-Farnesyl- |
| 206 | Myristoylation-4H (2 double bonds) |
| 208 | Myristoleylation (myristoyl with one double bond) |
| 208 | Pyridylethyl Cystenyl |
| 210 | Myristoylation |
| 212 | 4-Methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl (Mtr) |
| 213 | 2-Bromobenzyloxycarbonyl (BrZ) |
| 214 | Formyl Tryptophanyl |
| 219 | Benzyl Glutamyl |
| 219 | Anisole Adducted Glutamyl |
| 222 | 9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) |
| 222 | S-cystenyl Cystenyl |
| 226 | Biotinylation (amide bond to lysine) |
| 226 | Dimethoxybenzhydryl (Mbh) |
| 229 | N-Pyridoxyl (on Lysine) |
| 231 | Pyridoxal phosphate (Schiff Base formed to lysine) |
| 233 | Dansyl (Dns) |
| 233 | Nicotinyl Lysyl |
| 238 | 2-(p-biphenyl)isopropyl-oxycarbonyl (Bpoc) |
| 238 | Palmitoylation |
| 242 | Triphenylmethyl (Trityl, Trt) |
| 243 | Tyrosinyl Sulphate |
| 243 | Phospho Tyrosinyl |
| 252 | Pbf (pentamethyldihydrobenzofuransulfonyl) |
| 252 | 3,5-Diiodination (of Tyrosine) |
| 258 | a-N-6-Phosphogluconoylation (His Tagged proteins) |
| 259 | N alpha -(gamma-Glutamyl)-Glu2 |
| 266 | O-GlcNAc-1-phosphorylation (of Serine) |
| 266 | Stearoylation |
| 266 | Pmc (2,2,5,7,8- Pentamethylchroman-6-sulphonyl) |
| 272 | Geranylgeranylation |
| 272 | Monomethoxytrityl |
| 276 | S-Geranylgeranyl |
| 289 | 5'phos dCytidinyl |
| 289 | iodo Tyrosinyl |
| 290 | Aldohexosyl Lysyl |
| 291 | Sialyl |
| 291 | N-acetylneuraminic acid (Sialic acid, NeuAc, NANA, SA) |
| 304 | 5'phos dThymidinyl |
| 305 | 5'phos Cytidinyl |
| 305 | Glutathionation |
| 306 | O-Uridinylylation (of Tyrosine) |
| 306 | 5'phos Uridinyl |
| 307 | N-glycolneuraminic acid (NeuGc) |
| 307 | S-farnesyl Cystenyl |
| 313 | 5'phos dAdenosyl |
| 324 | O-pantetheinephosphorylation (of Serine) |
| 327 | SucPhencarb Lysyl |
| 329 | 5'phos dGuanosyl |
| 329 | 5'phos Adenosinyl |
| 329 | O-5'-Adenosylation ( of Tyrosine) |
| 339 | 4'-Phosphopantetheine |
| 342 | S-palmityl Cystenyl |
| 345 | 5'phos Guanosyl |
| 354 | Biotinyl Lysyl |
| 359 | Fluorescein labelling of peptide N-terminal using NHS ester |
| 365 | Hex-HexNAc |
| 388 | N alpha -(gamma-Glutamyl)-Glu3 |
| 391 | Dioctyl Phthalate |
| 395 | PMC Lysyl |
| 409 | Aedans Cystenyl |
| 413 | Dioctyl Phthalate Sodium Adduct |
| 415 | di-iodo Tyrosinyl |
| 423 | PMC Arginyl |
| 454 | S-Coenzyme A |
| 457 | AMP Lysyl |
| 470 | 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine (from Tyrosine) |
| 524 | S-(sn-1-Dipalmitoyl-glyceryl)- (on Cysteine) |
| 541 | S-(ADP-ribosyl)- (on Cysteine) |
| 541 | N-(ADP-ribosyl)- (on Arginine) |
| 541 | O-ADP-ribosylation (on Glutamate or C terminus) |
| 541 | ADP-rybosylation (from NAD) |
| 587 | S-Phycocyanobilin (on Cysteine) |
| 617 | S-Heme (on Cysteine) |
| 648 | N theta -(ADP-ribosyl) diphthamide (of Histidine) |
| 657 | NeuAc-Hex-HexNAc |
| 783 | O-8 alpha-Flavin [FAD])- (of Tyrosine) |
| 784 | S-(6-Flavin [FAD])- (on Cysteine) |
| 784 | N theta and N pi-(8alpha-Flavin) (on Histidine) |
| 893 | (Hex)3-HexNAc-HexNAc |
| 1,039 | (Hex)3-HexNAc-(dHex)HexNAc |